Critical examination of location and context of materials recovered at various times since the 19th c. demonstrates that there were two separate cemeteries, one located in the vicinity of the early monastic foundation of Cell Maignenn (modern Kilmainham), and the other in the region of the War Memorial Park (Islandbridge). Evidence also shows that the cemeteries probably originated in the Early Christian period and were reused as pagan burial grounds by Vikings. ;