Previous scholarship has maintained that icons of the Virgin were carried in a procession during the Avar siege of Constantinople in AD 626. Based on a close reading of the primary sources from the 7th to the 14th cs., argues in contrast that a tight linkage between Marian icons and protection of the Byzantine capital did not occur until after Iconoclasm. The larger implications of this conclusion concern the evolution of the cult of the Virgin in Constantinople from its initial focus on relics to a cult centered on icons and icon processions as it emerged in the second half of the 10th c. ;